An iridoid glycoside isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. Geniposide is one of the biologically active ingredients of gardenia fruit. Geniposide is widely used in multi-component injection in the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases in China for its anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Geniposide exerts protective effects against hepatic steatosis in rats fed with a high fat diet; the underlying mechanism may be associated with its antioxidant actions or regulation of adipocytokine release and expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α. Geniposide (10-20 μM) inhibited high glucose (33 mM)-induced adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner. Geniposide (5-40 μM) also inhibited high glucose-induced expression of VCAM-1 and E-selectin at the gene and protein levels. Furthermore, geniposide (5-20 mM) decreased reactive oxygen species production and prevented IkappaB degradation in the cytoplasm and NF-kappaB translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in HUVECs.

1. Guo LX  et al. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor plays a critical role in geniposide-regulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 33:237-41 (2012).

2. Liu J  et al. Geniposide, a novel agonist for GLP-1 receptor, prevents PC12 cells from oxidative damage via MAP kinase pathway. Neurochem Int 51:361-9 (0).